STM32在Linux系统下的开发方案

在Windows下，所需软件为MDK-ARM和STLINK驱动；在Linux下，则是开源stlink工具和ARM-GCC工具链，以及VSCode。

cut-off

以Kubuntu为例：

安装ARM-GCC工具链：

sudo apt install gcc-arm-none-eabi

安装VSCode：

选择deb安装包，下载并安装

https://code.visualstudio.com/

安装ST-Link工具：

选择最新版本，下载deb安装包并安装

https://github.com/stlink-org/stlink

安装完成后，由于快捷方式文件配置信息有错误，不能启动，需要手动修改，在/usr/share/applications打开终端：

kate stlink-gui.desktop

修改为以下内容，并保存：

[Desktop Entry]

Name=stlink

GenericName=Stlink Tools

Comment=Open source STM32 MCU programming toolset

Exec=stlink-gui

Path=/usr/share/stlink

Icon=stlink-gui

Terminal=false

Type=Application

Categories=Development;Electronics;

这次再点击stlink图标，发现可以启动了：

接下来是创建工程，以正点原子阿波罗STM32F429开发板为例：

mkdir arch arch/CMSIS bsp module src

touch Makefile stm32_flash.ld stm32_sram.ld

Makefile：

根据需要，修改ld文件和float_abi(soft/softfp/hard)，文件位置

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# File      : Makefile

# This file is compiling ARM Cortex-M project.

#

# Change Logs:

# Date           Author       Notes

# 2021-08-04     LinuxLife    the first version

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#---------------------------------------

# Compile option

#---------------------------------------

toolchain   := arm-none-eabi-

target      := stm32f429

CC      := $(toolchain)gcc

AS      := $(toolchain)as

LD      := $(toolchain)ld

OBJCOPY := $(toolchain)objcopy

OBJDUMP := $(toolchain)objdump

SIZE    := $(toolchain)size

archive     := cortex-m4

float_abi   := soft

fpu         := vfpv4

CC_CONFIG   := -mcpu=$(archive) -mthumb -mfpu=$(fpu) -mfloat-abi=$(float_abi) -O0 -Ic -Igcc -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections

AS_CONFIG   := -mcpu=$(archive) -mthumb -mfpu=$(fpu) -mfloat-abi=$(float_abi) -W -mimplicit-it=thumb

LD_CONFIG   := -T stm32_flash.ld --gc-sections

#---------------------------------------

# source path

#---------------------------------------

INCDIRS :=  arch

arch/CMSIS

bsp

            module/STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver

module/STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver/inc

src

SRCDIRS :=  arch

arch/CMSIS

bsp

module/STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver/src

src

LIBDIRS :=

#---------------------------------------

# get source file

#---------------------------------------

INCLUDE := $(patsubst %, -I %, $(INCDIRS))

# get file

SFILES := $(foreach dir, $(SRCDIRS), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.s))

ASMFILES := $(foreach dir, $(SRCDIRS), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.asm))

CFILES := $(foreach dir, $(SRCDIRS), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.c))

LIBFILES := $(foreach dir, $(LIBDIRS), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.a))

# get file path

SFILENDIR := $(notdir  $(SFILES))

ASMFILENDIR := $(notdir  $(ASMFILES))

CFILENDIR := $(notdir  $(CFILES))

LIBFILENDIR := $(notdir  $(LIBFILES))

# get object file

SOBJS := $(patsubst %, %, $(SFILENDIR:.s=.o))

ASMOBJS := $(patsubst %, %, $(ASMFILENDIR:.asm=.o))

COBJS := $(patsubst %, %, $(CFILENDIR:.c=.o))

OBJS := $(SOBJS) $(COBJS) $(ASMOBJS)

VPATH := $(SRCDIRS)

.PHONY: clean

#---------------------------------------

# start compiling

#---------------------------------------

$(target).bin : $(OBJS)

$(LD) $(LD_CONFIG) -o $(target).elf $^ $(LIBFILES)

$(OBJCOPY) -O binary -S $(target).elf $@

$(OBJDUMP) -D -m armv7 $(target).elf > $(target).dis

$(SIZE) -d $(target).elf

$(SOBJS) : %.o : %.s

$(AS) $(AS_CONFIG) -o $@ $<

$(ASMOBJS) : %.o : %.asm

$(AS) $(AS_CONFIG) -o $@ $<

$(COBJS) : %.o : %.c

$(CC) $(CC_CONFIG) $(INCLUDE) -c -o $@ $<

#---------------------------------------

# clean object file

#---------------------------------------

clean:

rm *.elf *.dis *.bin *.o

ROM和RAM链接文件，使程序分别在两种存储中运行，前者用于正式产品中，后者用于调试，延长flash使用寿命，根据需要修改地址和容量即可，同时编译时可以检测程序是否过大：

/*

 * file       :stm32_flash.ld

 *

 * abstract   :Linker script for STM32 Device

 *             Set heap size, stack size and stack location according to

 *             application requirements.

 *             Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used.

 *

 * environment:arm-none-eabi-

 */

/* Entry Point */

ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

/* Highest address of the user mode stack */

_estack = 0x2001C000;    /* end of RAM */

/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */

_Min_Heap_Size = 0;      /* required amount of heap  */

_Min_Stack_Size = 0x800; /* required amount of stack */

/* Specify the memory areas */

MEMORY

{

  FLASH (rx)      : ORIGIN = 0x08000000, LENGTH = 1024K

  RAM (xrw)       : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 192K

  MEMORY_B1 (rx)  : ORIGIN = 0x60000000, LENGTH = 0K

}

/* Define output sections */

SECTIONS

{

  /* The startup code goes first into FLASH */

  .isr_vector :

  {

    . = ALIGN(4);

    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */

    . = ALIGN(4);

  } >FLASH

  /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */

  .text :

  {

    . = ALIGN(4);

    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */

    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */

    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */

    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */

    *(.glue_7)         /* glue arm to thumb code */

    *(.glue_7t)        /* glue thumb to arm code */

    KEEP (*(.init))

    KEEP (*(.fini))

    . = ALIGN(4);

    _etext = .;        /* define a global symbols at end of code */

  } >FLASH

   .ARM.extab   : { *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*) } >FLASH

    .ARM : {

    __exidx_start = .;

      *(.ARM.exidx*)

      __exidx_end = .;

    } >FLASH

  .ARM.attributes : { *(.ARM.attributes) } > FLASH

  /* used by the startup to initialize data */

  _sidata = .;

  /* Initialized data sections goes into RAM, load LMA copy after code */

  .data : AT ( _sidata )

  {

    . = ALIGN(4);

    _sdata = .;        /* create a global symbol at data start */

    *(.data)           /* .data sections */

    *(.data*)          /* .data* sections */

    . = ALIGN(4);

    _edata = .;        /* define a global symbol at data end */

  } >RAM

  /* Uninitialized data section */

  . = ALIGN(4);

  .bss :

  {

    /* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss secion */

    _sbss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss start */

    __bss_start__ = _sbss;

    *(.bss)

    *(.bss*)

    *(COMMON)

    . = ALIGN(4);

    _ebss = .;         /* define a global symbol at bss end */

    __bss_end__ = _ebss;

  } >RAM

  PROVIDE ( end = _ebss );

  PROVIDE ( _end = _ebss );

  /* User_heap_stack section, used to check that there is enough RAM left */

  ._user_heap_stack :

  {

    . = ALIGN(4);

    . = . + _Min_Heap_Size;

    . = . + _Min_Stack_Size;

    . = ALIGN(4);

  } >RAM

  /* MEMORY_bank1 section, code must be located here explicitly            */

  /* Example: extern int foo(void) __attribute__ ((section (".mb1text"))); */

  .memory_b1_text :

  {

    *(.mb1text)        /* .mb1text sections (code) */

    *(.mb1text*)       /* .mb1text* sections (code)  */

    *(.mb1rodata)      /* read-only data (constants) */

    *(.mb1rodata*)

  } >MEMORY_B1

  /* Remove information from the standard libraries */

  /DISCARD/ :

  {

  }

}

/*

 * file       :stm32_sram.ld

 *

 * abstract   :Linker script for STM32 Device

 *             Set heap size, stack size and stack location according to

 *             application requirements.

 *             Set memory bank area and size if external memory is used.

 *

 * environment:arm-none-eabi-

 */

/* Entry Point */

ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

/* Highest address of the user mode stack */

_estack = 0x2001C000;    /* end of RAM */

/* Generate a link error if heap and stack don't fit into RAM */

_Min_Heap_Size = 0x1000;      /* required amount of heap  */

_Min_Stack_Size = 0x1000; /* required amount of stack */

/* Specify the memory areas */

MEMORY

{

  FLASH (rx)      : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 64K

  RAM (xrw)       : ORIGIN = 0x20010000, LENGTH = 48K

  MEMORY_B1 (rx)  : ORIGIN = 0x60000000, LENGTH = 0K

}

/* Define output sections */

SECTIONS

{

  /* The startup code goes first into FLASH */

  .isr_vector :

  {

    . = ALIGN(4);

    KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */

    . = ALIGN(4);

  } >FLASH

  /* The program code and other data goes into FLASH */

  .text :

  {

    . = ALIGN(4);

    *(.text)           /* .text sections (code) */

    *(.text*)          /* .text* sections (code) */